Born in 1977 in Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod). He studied playing the trumpet under the guidance of his father, Mikhail Nakaryakov. From the age of 10 he took part in competitions for young musicians. In 1989 he performed at a festival in Korsholm (Finland), where he was called by the press "Paganini pipes". In 1991 he played at the Ivo Pogorelich Festival in Bad Wörishofen (Germany), in August of the same year he made his debut with the Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra at the Salzburg Festival, a year later he performed at the Schleswig-Holstein Festival, where he was awarded the Prix Davidoff.

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Later he played at many of the world's leading concert venues, including the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, Lincoln Center in New York, the Royal Festival Hall and the Royal Albert Hall in London, the Musikverein in Vienna, the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. Participated in prestigious festivals in Montreux, Salzburg, Colmar, Cannes, etc. Collaborated with well-known orchestras and renowned conductors such as Valery Gergiev, Vladimir Spivakov, Saulius Sondeckis, Yuri Temirkanov, Neville Marriner, Kent Nagano, Yuri Bashmet, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Jiri Beloglavek, Mikhail Pletnev, Christoph Eschenbach, Dmitry Sitkovetsky, Jaap van Zveden and others. Among the musician's partners in the ensemble are Vadim Repin, Marta Argerich, Mischa Maisky, Emmanuel Payu, Julian Rakhlin, Dmitry Sitkovetsky. Constantly performs in a duet with pianist Maria Meerovich or her sister Vera Okhotnikova.

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Sergey Nakaryakov's extensive repertoire includes both original compositions for trumpet and numerous own arrangements. The musician plays the trumpet and flugelhorn of the Parisian firm Antoine Courtois.

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The discography of the musician includes 18 CDs (Teldec, EMI, Sony and Avex Classics), many recordings have been awarded recording awards, in particular ECHO Klassik in 2002.